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pnt_line.pro
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1997-07-08
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; $Id: pnt_line.pro,v 1.4 1997/01/15 03:11:50 ali Exp $
;
; Copyright (c) 1993-1997, Research Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
; Unauthorized reproduction prohibited.
;
Function Pnt_Line, p0, l0, l1, pl, INTERVAL = interval
;+
; NAME:
; PNT_LINE
;
; PURPOSE:
; This function returns the perpendicular distance between the
; point P0 and the line between points L0 and L1.
;
; CATEGORY:
; Geometry.
;
; CALLING SEQUENCE:
; Result = PNT_LINE(P0, L0, L1 [, Pl])
;
; INPUTS:
; P0: The location of the point. P0 may have 2 to N elements,
; for N dimensions.
; L0: One end-point of the line. L0 must have same number of
; elements as P0.
; L1: The other end-point of the line. L1 must have the same
; number of elements as LO.
;
; KEYWORD PARAMETERS:
; INTERVAL: If set, and if the point on the line between L0
; and L1 that is closest to PO is not within the
; interval [L0, L1], causes the function to return
; the distance from P0 to the closer of the two
; endpoints L0 and L1.
;
; OUTPUTS:
; This function returns the distance from point P0 to the line
; between L0 and L1, unless the closest point on the line is
; not in the interval [L0, L1] and the keyword INTERVAL is set.
; In this case, the function returns the distance between P0
; and the closer of the two end-points.
;
; OPTIONAL OUTPUTS:
; Pl: The point on the line between L0 and L1 that is closest to P0.
; Pl is not necessarily in the interval [L0, L1].
;
; RESTRICTIONS:
; This function is limited by the machine accuracy of single
; precision floating point.
;
; PROCEDURE:
; Solve equations of perpendicular, etc.
;
; EXAMPLE:
; To print the distance between the point (2,3) and the line
; from (-3,3) to (5,12), and also the location of the point on
; the line closest to (2,3), enter the following command:
;
; PRINT, PNT_LINE([2,3], [-3,3], [5,12], Pl), Pl
;
; MODIFICATION HISTORY:
; DMS, RSI, Jan, 1993. Written.
;-
lv = float(l1 - l0)
l = sqrt(total(lv*lv))
if l eq 0 then begin ;Line is a point
pl = p0
return, sqrt(total((l0-float(p0))^2))
endif
lv = lv / l ;Normal to line
t = - (-total(lv * p0) + total(l0 * lv))/(total(lv * lv))
pl = t * lv + l0 ;Closest point on line
out = (t lt 0) or (t gt l) ;Within interval?
if keyword_set(interval) and out then begin ;Outside interval?
d1 = sqrt(total((p0-l1)^2))
d2 = sqrt(total((p0-l0)^2))
return, d1 < d2
endif else return, sqrt(total((p0 - pl)^2))
end